Irvine, California

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Irvine is an incorporated city in Orange County, California, United States. It is a planned city, mainly developed by the Irvine Company since the 1960s. Formally incorporated on December 28, 1971, the 69.7 square mile (180.5 km²) city has a population of 202,079 (as of 2007). It has annexed in the past an undeveloped area to the north, and has also annexed the former El Toro Marine Corps Air Station, most of which is planned to be converted into the Orange County Great Park. Currently, Irvine is larger in land area than any other city in Orange County because of its annexation of the southern and eastern unincorporated areas^{[citation needed]}. In June 2008, the Federal Bureau of Investigation reported that Irvine had the lowest violent crime rate (four homicides, 17 rapes, 50 robberies and 55 aggravated assaults in 2006) among cities in the United States with populations of more than 100,000. ^[3]

Irvine is home to the University of California, Irvine (UCI), Concordia University, the Orange County Center of the University of Southern California, and the Irvine campuses of Alliant International University, California State University Fullerton, and Pepperdine University. Irvine Valley College, a community college, is also located in the city.

Irvine is home to a number of corporations, particularly in the technology sector.

History

Irvine was inhabited by the Gabrielino indigenous group about 2,000 years ago. Gaspar de Portolà, a Spanish explorer, came to the area in 1769. This brought on the establishment of forts, missions and herds of cattle. The King of Spain parceled out land for missions and private use.

After Mexico's independence from Spain in 1821, the Mexican government secularized the missions and assumed control of the lands. It began distributing the land to Mexican citizens who applied for grants. Three large Spanish/Mexican grants made up the land that later became the Irvine Ranch: Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana, Rancho San Joaquin and Rancho Lomas de Santiago.

In 1864, Jose Sepulveda, owner of Rancho San Joaquin sold 50,000 acres (200 km²) to Benjamin and Thomas Flint, Llewellyn Bixby and James Irvine for $18,000 to resolve debts due to the Great Drought. In 1866, Irvine, Flint and Bixby acquired 47,000-acre (190 km²) Rancho Lomas de Santiago for $7,000. After the Mexican-American war the land of Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana fell prey to tangled titles. In 1868, the ranch was divided among four claimants as part of a lawsuit: Flint, Bixby and Irvine. The ranches were devoted to sheep grazing. However, in 1870, tenant farming was permitted.

In 1878, James Irvine acquired his partners' interests for $150,000. His 110,000 acres (450 km²) stretched 23 miles (37 km) from the Pacific Ocean to the Santa Ana River. James Irvine died in 1886. The ranch was inherited by his son, James Irvine, Jr. who incorporated it into The Irvine Company. James, Jr. shifted the ranch operations to field crops, olive and citrus crops.

In 1888, the Santa Fe Railroad extended its line to Fallbrook Junction (north of San Diego) and named a station along the way after James Irvine. The town that formed around this station was named Myford, after Irvine's son, because a post office in Calaveras County already bore the family name. The town was later renamed Irvine, however, in 1914.[3]

By 1918, 60,000 acres (240 km²) of lima beans were grown on the Irvine Ranch. Two Marine Corps facilities, MCAS El Toro and MCAS Tustin, were built during World War II on ranch land sold to the government.

James Irvine, Jr. died in 1947 at the age of 80. His son, Myford, assumed the presidency of The Irvine Company. He began opening small sections of the Irvine Ranch to urban development. Myford died in 1959. The same year, the University of California asked The Irvine Company for 1,000 acres (4 km²) for a new university campus. The Irvine Company gave away the requested land and the State purchased an additional 500 acres (2 km²).

William Pereira, the University's consulting architect, and The Irvine Company planners drew up master plans for a city of 50,000 people surrounding the new university. The plan called for industrial, residential and recreational areas, commercial centers and greenbelts. The new community was to be named Irvine; the old agricultural town of Irvine, where the railroad station and post office were located, was renamed East Irvine.[4] The villages of Turtle Rock, University Park, Culverdale, the Ranch and Walnut were completed by 1970.

On December 28, 1971, the residents of these communities voted to incorporate a substantially larger city than the one envisioned by the Pereira plan. By January 1999, Irvine had a population of 134,000 and a total area of 43 square miles (111 km²).

Government

Local

Irvine is a charter city, operating under a Council/Manager form of government.

City Council

The City Council consists of the Mayor and four City Council members. The Mayor serves a two year term and Council members serve 4 year terms. The city has a two term limit for elected officials. Elections are held every two years, on even-numbered years. During each election, two Council members and the Mayor's seat is up for consideration. The City Council appoints the City Manager, who functions as the chief administrator of the city. The City Council sets the policies for the city, and the City Manager is responsible for implementing the policies.The City Council appoints volunteers that serve on various advisory boards, commissions and committees.

City Departments

The City of Irvine is served by seven departments. These departments are responsible for managing and performing all of the business of the City Hall and its services:

• City Manager
• City Clerk
• Administrative Services
• Community Development
• Public Safety
• Public Works
• Redevelopment

Services

Irvine has three independent districts: Educational, Police and Utilities. Other government services are:

• Animal control
• Building and safety regulation and inspection
• General administrative services
• Planning and zoning
• Public facility/capital improvement construction
• Recreation and cultural programs
• Refuse collection and recycling
• Street lighting
• Street maintenance
• Landscape maintenance and transportation management

Emergency services

Irvine contracts with the County of Orange for fire and medical services. Fire protection in Irvine is provided by the Orange County Fire Authority with ambulance service by Doctor's Ambulance. Law enforcement is provided by the Irvine Police Department (IPD). The IPD operates in a suburban city rated as having one of the lowest violent crime rates among cities with over 100,000 inhabitants by the FBI in 2005.^[4]

State and Federal

In the state legislature Irvine is located in the 33rd and 35th Senate Districts, represented by Republicans Dick Ackerman and Tom Harman respectively, and in the 70th Assembly District, represented by Republican Chuck DeVore. Federally, Irvine is located in California's 48th congressional district, which has a Cook PVI of R +8^[5] and is represented by Republican John Campbell.

Geography

The cities bordering Irvine include Tustin, Santa Ana, Lake Forest, Laguna Hills, Costa Mesa, Newport Beach.

Climate

Irvine, like most of coastal Southern California, generally has a Mediterranean climate. The name derives from its similarity to the climate of areas along the Mediterranean Sea. Summers are warm to hot, and winters are cool, rarely falling below freezing. Precipitation in Irvine occurs predominantly during the winter months. The average January temperature in Irvine is 56 degrees Fahrenheit, while the average August temperature is 71 °F (22 °C). ^[6]

A planned city

The layout of Irvine was designed by Los Angeles architect William Pereira and Irvine Company employee Raymond Watson, and is nominally divided into townships called villages. The townships are separated by six-lane streets. Each township contains houses of similar design, along with commercial centers, religious institutions and schools. Commercial districts are checker-boarded in a periphery around the central townships.

Pereira originally envisioned an Atlantis-like circular plan with numerous man-made lakes and the university in the center. When the Irvine Company refused to relinquish valuable farmland in the flat central region of the ranch for this plan, the University site was moved to the base of the southern coastal hills. The design that ended up being used was based on the shape of a necklace (with the villages strung along two parallel main streets, which terminate at UCI, the "pendant")^{[citation needed]}. Traces of the original circular design are visible in the layout of the UCI campus and the two man-made lakes at the center of Woodbridge, one of the central villages.

All streets have landscaping allowances. Rights-of-way for powerlines also serve as bicycle corridors, parks and greenbelts to tie together ecological preserves. The greenery is irrigated with reclaimed water.

The homeowners' associations which govern some village neighborhoods exercise varying degrees of control on the appearances of homes. In more restrictive areas, houses' roofing, paint colors, and landscaping are regulated. A notable exception is the Village of Northwood, which was developed beginning in the early 1970s independent of the Irvine Company, and thus has the distinction of being a larger village that is not under the purview of a homeowners' association. As a result, homeowners in Northwood do not pay a monthly village association fee; and its neighborhoods are generally not as uniform in appearance as those in other villages such as West Park and Woodbridge, the latter which, however, generally offer more amenities such as members-only swimming pools, tennis courts, and parks.

In addition to association dues, homeowners in villages developed in the 1980s and later may be levied a Mello-Roos assessment, which came about in the post-Proposition 13 era. For homeowners in these areas, the association dues coupled with the Mello-Roos assessment may add significantly to the cost of living in the city.

The Irvine Ranch played host to the Boy Scouts of America's 1953 National Scout Jamboree. Jamboree Road, a major street which now stretches from Newport Beach to the City of Orange, was named in honor of this event.

The Villages

Each of the villages was initially planned to have a distinct architectural theme, though many have been clouded by later development.

Note: University Hills is subsidized (20-30% below market pricing) for professors and retired professors. It is the first such community of its kind in the nation.

Demographics

The census^[1] of 2000 found there were 143,072 people, 51,199 households, and 34,354 families in the city. The population density is 1,196.2/km² (3,098.0/mi²), as of the census. There are 53,711 housing units at an average density of 449.1/km² (1,163.0/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 61.06% White, 1.45% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 29.83% Asian American, 1.14% Pacific Islander, 2.54% from other races, and 4.82% from two or more races. 7.37% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 51,199 households out of which 36.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.8% are married couples living together, 9.8% have a female householder with no husband present, and 32.9% are non-families. 22.8% of all households are made up of individuals and 5.0% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.70 persons and the average family size is 3.17.

In the city the population is spread out with 23.5% under the age of 18, 14.4% from 18 to 24, 32.3% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 7.2% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 33 years. For every 100 females there are 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 90.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city is $72,057, and the median income for a family is $85,624. 9.1% of the population and 5.0% of families are below the poverty line. Of the total population, 6.1% of those under the age of 18 and 5.6% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

In 2006, the median gross rent paid for housing was $1,660 a month. This was the highest of any place in the United States of more than 100,000 people.^[8] The skyrocketing high cost of housing is a major issue in Irvine and Orange County, while the city council is on a frantic pace to approve future income-subsidized housing projects to meet the demands of working-class citizens to live and work in Irvine or elsewhere in Orange County. Like much of Orange County, more resident voters are registered in the Republican Party than the Democratic Party ^[9]. However, University Hills one of the communities in the city, is known to be the most densely Democratic precinct within the state of California.^{[citation needed]} In addition, the city council, including the last two mayors, is comprised of mostly progressive community leaders.

Education

Most of Irvine is located in the Irvine Unified School District. The four high schools in the city are University High School, Irvine High School, Northwood High School, and Woodbridge High School. Each earned a six-year accreditation in 2006.

All the high schools in Irvine have consistently made Newsweek's list of Top 1,300 U.S. Public High Schools. In 2003, University High School ranked 58th[5]out of the top 804 high schools in the nation while Northwood High School ranked 404th[6], Irvine High School ranked 505th[7], and Woodbridge High School ranked 803rd[8]. In 2005, University High School ranked 117th[9] out of the top 1000 high schools with Northwood High School ranking 389th[10], Irvine High School ranking 816th[11], and Woodbridge High School ranking 1040th[12]. In 2006, University High School ranks at 156th[13] out of 1,200 top high schools while Northwood High School ranks at 296th[14], Irvine High School ranks at 1044th[15], and Woodbridge High School rank at 1156th[16]. And in 2007, University High School ranked 76th among the top 100 high schools in the nation as listed by US News & World Report.^[10] All of these schools on the Newsweek list were in the top 4 percent in the nation.

Irvine is also home to elementary and middle schools, including two alternative, year round, open enrollment K-8 schools (Plaza Vista and Vista Verde). [17][18] The district recently constructed a new larger high tech campus for Vista Verde School in the village of Turtle Ridge. The district also has a music program starting in the 4th grade.^{[citation needed]} Parts of the north and west of the city are within the Tustin Unified School District.

Colleges and Universities

Irvine is home to University of California, Irvine, which is the second-newest campus (established 1965) in the UC system after University of California, Merced. Concordia University and Irvine Valley College are also in Irvine, while Chapman University and Soka University of America are in adjacent cities.

Libraries

Irvine has three public libraries: Heritage Park Regional Library, University Park Library, and Katie Wheeler Library. The Heritage Library serves as the regional reference library for Central Orange County and has a strong business focus while the University Park Library has 95,745 books including a substantial Chinese collection.^[11] Katie Wheeler was the granddaughter of James Irvine, and the library is a replica of the house owned by Irvine in which she grew up.^[12] Additionally, most UCI Libraries are open to the public.^[13]

Economy

The majority of the Irvine's economic development is coordinated through the Destination Irvine program run by the Chamber of Commerce. The program provides information and assistance on business-related incentives, demographics, development standards and various services such as affordable housing and childcare, schools.

Irvine is also used as a location for film projects. The city government grants free or low-cost filming permits and offers location information to prospective productions.

Top Employers

Source^[6]

Arts and culture

The Irvine Global Village Festival

Every September, Irvine hosts the Irvine Global Village Festival to celebrate the diversity among the citizens of Irvine and Orange County. The festival consists of exhibits from local merchants, entertainment from diverse cultures, and sampling of foods from various regions of the world.^[14]

Irvine Community Television

The Irvine Community Television (ICTV) produces and broadcasts television programs on news, sports, arts, culture, safety for the Irvine community. The motto of ICTV is For You, About You. ICTV can be viewed within the city of Irvine on Cox Communications channel # 30. ICTV is also available to view online at ICTV Live Streaming.^[15]

Parks and recreation

Irvine has Community Parks and Neighborhood Parks. The Community Parks have public facilities located on each site. Neighborhood Parks provide open space and some recreational amenities within the various villages of Irvine.

Community Parks

Neighborhood Parks

Transportation

Transit Services

Local bus routes are operated by the Orange County Transportation Authority. Additionally, Irvine is served by commuter rail at both the Irvine and Tustin stations of the Metrolink Orange County Line and the IEOC Line. OCTA is currently implementing a major service increase on the Orange County line, with trains running every 30 minutes. A four-story parking structure is currently under construction at the Irvine station to coincide with the service increase.

Plans are currently underway to connect the Orange County Great Park to the Irvine Spectrum Center and surrounding businesses with a fixed-route transit system, also stopping at the Irvine Transportation Center. As of early 2008, two possible routes have been selected, and the vehicles have been narrowed down to a either a traditional streetcar, elevated people mover, or rubber-tired vehicles operating in a separate right-of-way. The project has been dubbed the "Irvine Guideway Demonstration Project". City planners envision it as a starter system for a potentially more expansive transit system throughout Irvine.

The city of Irvine has recently begun operating its own mass-transit bus service called the iShuttle ^[16]. This new bus service, which debuted on March 2008, consists of three routes linking the Tustin Metrolink station to the Irvine Business Complex area and John Wayne Airport. ^[16]

Bikeways

Irvine offers a system of bicycle lanes and trails to encourage the use of bikes as a means of transportation. There are 44.5 miles (71.6 km) of off-road bicycle trails and 282 miles (454 km) of on-road bicycle lanes in Irvine. ^[17]

Sister city controversy

On May 30, 2006, an Irvine City Staff member signed a sister-city memorandum with the Xuhui District of Shanghai. The memorandum, signed without the knowledge of the City Council or City Manager, disavowed the legitimacy of Taiwan's sovereignty, barred Irvine officials from making official trips to Irvine's sister city Taoyuan, Taiwan, and prohibited the City of Irvine from participating in events relating to the sovereignty of Taiwan. After the memorandum was made public, an uproar arose from the Irvine Taiwanese American community. In response, the City Council held hearings to negate the validity of this memorandum and to suggest more inclusive and appropriate language.^[18] Xuhui District did not respond to Irvine's request and the memorandum was terminated.

Notable natives and residents

• Dick Ackerman - politican and California State Senator ^[19]
• Larry Agran - politician and Irvine Council member ^[20]
• Joey Allen - guitarist for glam metal band Warrant ^[21]
• Brady Anderson - Major League Baseball player^{[citation needed]}
• Garret Anderson - Major League Baseball player ^[22]
• Garrett Atkins - Major League Baseball player ^[23]
• C. David Baker - commissioner of the Arena Football League and former Irvine Council member ^[24]
• William E. Barber - Medal of Honor United States Marine Corps officer ^[25]
• Amanda Beard - Olympic swimmer ^[26]
• John B. T. Campbell III - politician and U.S. Congressman ^[27]
• Jeanne Carmen - model, pin-up girl, and actress ^[28]
• Cashis - rapper ^[29]
• Steven Choi - politician and Irvine Council member ^[30]
• Tim Commerford - bassist for rock band Rage Against the Machine, former bassist for Audioslave^{[citation needed]}
• Lindsay Davenport - professional tennis player ^[22]
• Anthony Davis- former National Football League player ^[31]
• Zack de la Rocha - lead singer for rock band Rage Against the Machine ^[32]
• Jack DeSena - sketch comedy actor on Nickelodeon's All That ^[33]
• Kevin Drum - political blogger for the Washington Monthly ^[34]
• Tom Dumont - guitarist for rock band No Doubt ^[35]
• East West - Christian rapcore band ^[36]
• Eric Ebert - professional football (soccer) player ^[37]
• Jim Edmonds - Major League Baseball player ^[22]
• Julie Ertel - Olympic triathlete (2008 Summer Olympics) and water polo player (2000 Summer Olympics)^[38]
• Benny Feilhaber - professional soccer player ^[39]
• Will Ferrell - actor and comedian ^[32]
• Jesse Frank Ford - founder of Arrowhead Mills organic foods company^{[citation needed]}
• Larry C. Ford - gynecologist found to have stored deadly biological toxins (including the agents of anthrax, botulism, cholera, and typhoid) in his home and office
• Shawn Green - Major League Baseball player ^[22]
• Shane Haboucha - actor ^[40]
• Bob Hamelin former Major League Baseball player ^[41]
• Hugh Hewitt - author, radio talk show host, and blogger ^[42]
• Quinton Jackson - professional mixed martial arts fighter and UFC Former Light-Heavyweight Champion ^[43]
• Ross Johnson - politician and former California State Legislator ^[44]
• Adam Keefe - former National Basketball Association player ^[45]
• Mark Langston - former Major League Baseball player ^[46]
• Nam Le - professional poker player ^[47]
• Martin Leung - pianist known as the Video Game Pianist ^[48]
• Jason Lezak - Olympic swimmer ^[49]
• Doug Linton - former Major League Baseball pitcher^{[citation needed]}
• Ben Maller - sports radio personality ^[50]
• Chris Mandeville - former National Football League defensive back ^[51]
• Mark McGwire - former Major League Baseball player ^[52]
• Annalee Newitz - science and technology journalist ^[53]
• Beverly Oden - Olympic volleyball player ^[54]
• Elaina Oden - Olympic volleyball player ^[55]
• Kim Oden - Olympic volleyball player ^[55]
• Lee Harvey Oswald - assassin of John F. Kennedy (stationed at Marine Corps Air Station El Toro in 1957, 1958-9) ^[56]
• Nicole Parker - comedian actress ^[57]
• Leonard Peikoff - Objectivist philosopher and intellectual heir to novelist-philosopher Ayn Rand ^[58]
• Jason Peoples - winner of the reality television show Average Joe (Season 1) ^[59]
• Aaron Piersol - Olympic swimmer ^[60]
• Chris Pronger - National Hockey League player ^[22]
• Jimmy Raye - former National Football League player ^[61]
• Kaysar Ridha - contestant on reality television show Big Brother 6 and 7 ^[62]
• Jim Rome - sports radio personality ^[52]
• Michael Spiezia - nationally ranked professional surfer ^[63]
• Scott Spiezio - former Major League Baseball player ^[64]
• Thrice - post-hardcore band ^[65]
• Sudhir Alladi Venkatesh - sociologist and urban ethnographer ^[66]
• Dita Von Teese - burlesque performer ^[67]
• Tim Wallach - former Major League Baseball player ^[32]
• Natasha Watley - Olympic softball player ^[68]
• Irv Weinstein - retired television news anchor and father of mayor Beth Krom ^[69]
• Amy Yao - bassist for Riot grrrl band Emily's Sassy Lime ^[70]
• Caroline Zhang - figure skater ^[71]

See also List of University of California, Irvine people.

Points of interest

• Ayn Rand Institute
• Boomers! (formerly Palace Park)
• California State University Fullerton, Irvine Campus
• Concordia University, Irvine
• Fashion Institute of Design and Merchandising, Orange County Campus
• Heritage Park
• Irvine Fine Arts Center
• Irvine Ranch Land Reserve
• Irvine Spectrum Center
• Islamic Center of Irvine
• John Wayne Airport
• Mariners Church
• Marymount-Webster University, Irvine Campus
• Mason Park
• Old Town Irvine
• Orange County Great Park
• Pao Fa Temple
• Strawberry Farms Golf Club
• The Market Place (Tustin and Irvine)
• University of California, Irvine
• University of California, Irvine, Arboretum
• Verizon Wireless Amphitheatre
• Wild Rivers

Business

The following companies are headquartered in Irvine:

• Allergan, Inc.
• AskMeNow Inc.
• ATEN Technology, Inc. (a division of ATEN International, Inc.)
• BAX Global
• Blizzard Entertainment
• Broadcom Corporation
• Claim Jumper
• Edwards Lifesciences LLC
• Epicor Software Corporation
• Felt Bicycles
• Fisker Coachbuild
• GameSpy (a division of IGN Entertainment, Inc.)
• Gateway, Inc.
• iLounge
• Kofax
• In-N-Out Burger
• LA Fitness
• Linksys (a division of Cisco Systems)
• Maruchan, Inc. (a division of Toyo Suisan)
• Meade Instruments Corporation
• Mossimo Corporation
• O'Neill, Inc.
• Printronix
• St. John
• Standard Pacific
• Superformance, LLC
• Superlative, Inc.
• Taco Bell (a division of Yum! Brands, Inc.)
• Ultimate Ears

The following international companies have their North American headquarters in Irvine:

• Atlus
• BenQ Corporation
• Kia Motors
• Marukome
• Mazda Motor Corporation
• Samsung Group
• Shimano
• Toshiba Corporation

Twinning or Sister cities

Irvine is twinned with:

Filming location

According to the Internet Movie Database (IMDB), the following productions have either been partially or entirely filmed in Irvine:^[72][73]

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